2.2. Connecting to MongoDB

실행되고 있는 mongod`의 인스턴스에 연결하기 위해서는 :func:`~mongoengine.connect 함수를 사용해야 합니다. 이 함수의 첫 번째 인자는 연결할 데이터베이스의 이름입니다.:

from mongoengine import connect
connect('project1')

기본적으로 MongoEngine은 mongod`의 인스턴스가 **localhost**에서 **27017** 포트에서 실행이 되고있다고 추측합니다. 만약 MongoDB가 다른 곳에서 실행이 되고 있다면 :func:`~mongoengine.connect:: 함수의 인자로 :attr:`host`와 :attr:`port`를 넘겨주어야 합니다.:

connect('project1', host='192.168.1.35', port=12345)

만약 데이터베이스가 인증을 필요로한다면 connect():: 함수의 인자로 :attr:`username`과 :attr:`password`를 넘겨주어야 합니다.:

connect('project1', username='webapp', password='pwd123')

URI 형식의 연결 또한 지원합니다. – 단지 connect():: 함수의 host 인자에 URI를 넘겨주면 됩니다.:

connect('project1', host='mongodb://localhost/database_name')

Note

URI 스트링에 있는 데이터베이스, 유저네임 그리고 패스워드는 connect():의 인자들을 덮어씁니다.:

connect(
    db='test',
    username='user',
    password='12345',
    host='mongodb://admin:qwerty@localhost/production'
)

위 코드는 admin``이라는 유저네임과 ``qwerty 패스워드로 production 데이터베이스에 접속하게 됩니다.

To connect to a running instance of mongod, use the connect() function. The first argument is the name of the database to connect to:

from mongoengine import connect
connect('project1')

By default, MongoEngine assumes that the mongod instance is running on localhost on port 27017. If MongoDB is running elsewhere, you should provide the host and port arguments to connect():

connect('project1', host='192.168.1.35', port=12345)

If the database requires authentication, username and password arguments should be provided:

connect('project1', username='webapp', password='pwd123')

URI style connections are also supported – just supply the URI as the host to connect():

connect('project1', host='mongodb://localhost/database_name')

Note

Database, username and password from URI string overrides corresponding parameters in connect():

connect(
    db='test',
    username='user',
    password='12345',
    host='mongodb://admin:qwerty@localhost/production'
)

will establish connection to production database using admin username and qwerty password.

2.2.1. Replica Sets

MongoEngine supports connecting to replica sets:

from mongoengine import connect

# Regular connect
connect('dbname', replicaset='rs-name')

# MongoDB URI-style connect
connect(host='mongodb://localhost/dbname?replicaSet=rs-name')

Read preferences are supported through the connection or via individual queries by passing the read_preference

Bar.objects().read_preference(ReadPreference.PRIMARY)
Bar.objects(read_preference=ReadPreference.PRIMARY)

2.2.2. Multiple Databases

To use multiple databases you can use connect() and provide an alias name for the connection - if no alias is provided then “default” is used.

In the background this uses register_connection() to store the data and you can register all aliases up front if required.

Individual documents can also support multiple databases by providing a db_alias in their meta data. This allows DBRef objects to point across databases and collections. Below is an example schema, using 3 different databases to store data:

class User(Document):
    name = StringField()

    meta = {'db_alias': 'user-db'}

class Book(Document):
    name = StringField()

    meta = {'db_alias': 'book-db'}

class AuthorBooks(Document):
    author = ReferenceField(User)
    book = ReferenceField(Book)

    meta = {'db_alias': 'users-books-db'}

2.2.3. Context Managers

Sometimes you may want to switch the database or collection to query against. For example, archiving older data into a separate database for performance reasons or writing functions that dynamically choose collections to write a document to.

2.2.3.1. Switch Database

The switch_db context manager allows you to change the database alias for a given class allowing quick and easy access to the same User document across databases:

from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_db

class User(Document):
    name = StringField()

    meta = {'db_alias': 'user-db'}

with switch_db(User, 'archive-user-db') as User:
    User(name='Ross').save()  # Saves the 'archive-user-db'

2.2.3.2. Switch Collection

The switch_collection context manager allows you to change the collection for a given class allowing quick and easy access to the same Group document across collection:

from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_collection

class Group(Document):
    name = StringField()

Group(name='test').save()  # Saves in the default db

with switch_collection(Group, 'group2000') as Group:
    Group(name='hello Group 2000 collection!').save()  # Saves in group2000 collection

Note

Make sure any aliases have been registered with register_connection() or connect() before using the context manager.